Chrysler Corporation, one of the Big Three American automakers, has been a key player in the development of performance-oriented engines for both street cars and racing. Among its most influential engine designs are the Chrysler Small Block (SBC) and Chrysler Big Block (BBC) engines. These two engine families have been crucial to Chrysler’s history, forming the backbone of many of its most iconic vehicles. The Small Block and Big Block Chrysler engines are legendary for their performance, but they differ significantly in design, power output, applications, and overall engine characteristics.
This article delves into the details of the Chrysler Small Block and Big Block engines, exploring their historical context, differences, pros and cons, and how each engine type has been used in various Chrysler models over the years. By examining these engines, enthusiasts and history buffs alike can better appreciate their impact on automotive performance and engineering.
History of the Chrysler Small Block and Big Block Engines
Chrysler Small Block Engine: Origins and Development
The Chrysler Small Block engine was introduced in 1958 as the “LA” series engine. Unlike other manufacturers’ small-block engines, Chrysler’s design was relatively unique in both its layout and construction. The initial displacement of the engine was 318 cubic inches (5.2 liters), but over time, the displacement options grew, with the 360, 340, and 273 cubic inch variants becoming popular throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
The LA small-block engine was initially developed for Chrysler’s intermediate-sized cars and light trucks, and it offered a good balance of performance and efficiency. Over the years, the design evolved, and the engine was used in a variety of applications, from performance muscle cars to family sedans and SUVs. The engine was also versatile, finding its way into many Chrysler models, such as the Dodge Charger, Plymouth Barracuda, and Chrysler Newport.
In 1964, the engine underwent its first major upgrade, evolving into the “B” and “RB” series engines. The B-series engines (often called the “318” series) were larger and more powerful, used in the Chrysler 300 and other larger performance cars, while the RB-series engines offered even more power, with displacements ranging from 383 cubic inches to the mighty 440 cubic inches.
Chrysler Big Block Engine: Origins and Development
Chrysler’s Big Block engine history started in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when they realized that they needed more displacement to compete with the larger V8s being offered by Chevrolet, Ford, and Pontiac. The result was the “Hemi” engine, but before the iconic Hemi, Chrysler introduced the “RB” engine in 1958 with the 413 cubic inch displacement. This engine marked the beginning of Chrysler’s Big Block engines.
The RB series was designed to compete with larger engines, offering more power, torque, and overall performance. Chrysler’s Big Block engines were used in performance-oriented models like the Dodge Charger, Plymouth Road Runner, and Chrysler 300. The Big Block engines were also used extensively in motorsports, providing the muscle needed for stock car racing and drag racing.
The most famous and most powerful version of Chrysler’s Big Block engine family is the 426 Hemi, introduced in 1964. It was designed to be a racing engine but found its way into street cars in limited quantities, most notably in the Plymouth Superbird and Dodge Charger Daytona. The 426 Hemi engine remains one of the most iconic and revered engines in automotive history.
Technological Evolution
Both the Small Block and Big Block Chrysler engines went through several technological revisions during their production runs. Early designs were based on carbureted systems, and they employed hydraulic lifters and pushrod systems. As the years passed, both engine types saw advancements in terms of fuel injection, overhead camshaft configurations, and various performance upgrades.
While the Big Block engines were often more specialized for high-performance use, the Small Block engines gained popularity because of their versatility and the sheer volume of vehicles they were available in, ranging from sedans and family cars to high-performance muscle cars.
Today, both types of engines are considered classic and have a devoted fanbase of enthusiasts, collectors, and racers. After their original production runs, Chrysler’s small block and big block engines remain a focal point for car restorations, race cars, and aftermarket performance parts.
The Differences Between the Chrysler Small Block and Big Block Engines
The differences between Chrysler’s Small Block and Big Block engines are primarily related to their physical size, displacement, design, and performance characteristics. Understanding these differences is essential for anyone looking to choose between the two for performance builds or restoration projects.
1. Engine Size and Displacement
The most noticeable difference between the two engine types is their size. As the names suggest, Big Block engines are physically larger, with more cubic inches of displacement and generally larger dimensions than their Small Block counterparts.
- Chrysler Small Block: Displacements range from 273 cubic inches (4.5 liters) to 360 cubic inches (5.9 liters). The engines are smaller and lighter, making them more suitable for mid-size and compact vehicles.
- Chrysler Big Block: The Big Block engines, on the other hand, have displacements starting at 361 cubic inches (5.9 liters) and going up to 440 cubic inches (7.2 liters) in their standard configurations. The larger displacement engines are designed for high performance and large vehicles.
2. Performance Characteristics
The performance differences between the two engine types are quite significant. Big Block engines are known for producing large amounts of torque, making them ideal for heavy-duty applications, high-performance street machines, and drag racing.
- Small Block Engines: The smaller size of the Small Block engine gives it an advantage when it comes to RPM capability and higher redline speeds. Small Block engines excel in handling high RPMs and provide good throttle response. In addition, they generally have better fuel efficiency than Big Block engines, making them a better choice for vehicles that need a balance between power and economy.
- Big Block Engines: Big Block engines, on the other hand, produce significant torque at lower RPMs. This makes them ideal for applications where sheer muscle and low-end grunt are more important than high-revving performance. Big Blocks are known for their massive power and acceleration, especially in drag racing and other motorsports where torque is a critical factor.
3. Weight and Size
Due to the larger displacement and physical size, Big Block engines are much heavier than Small Block engines. This increased weight can negatively affect handling, particularly in smaller cars or vehicles where weight distribution is crucial for performance.
- Small Block Engines: The smaller size and lighter weight of the Small Block engine make it an ideal choice for lighter vehicles where weight reduction and agility are more important.
- Big Block Engines: Big Block engines, being much heavier, are generally better suited for larger vehicles such as muscle cars, full-size sedans, and trucks.
4. Engine Components
The internal components of Big Block and Small Block engines also differ. Big Block engines tend to use larger and more robust components to handle the increased stresses that come with the higher displacement and power output.
- Small Block Engines: Small Block engines generally have smaller pistons, a smaller crankshaft, and more compact components. While these components are lighter and smaller, they are also designed to be able to handle higher RPMs, making them perfect for performance enthusiasts seeking speed and agility.
- Big Block Engines: The larger components of Big Block engines help them handle the tremendous power and torque they generate. These engines use bigger pistons and crankshafts to accommodate the larger displacement and provide durability under higher loads.
5. Cooling and Fuel System
Cooling and fuel delivery systems are critical in managing the performance of both engine types. Big Block engines generally require more cooling capacity to handle the increased heat produced by their larger displacement.
- Small Block Engines: Small Block engines are typically more fuel-efficient, requiring less cooling due to their smaller displacement. They also tend to be less demanding when it comes to fuel systems, as the engine runs at lower temperatures.
- Big Block Engines: Big Block engines require larger cooling systems due to the increased power they generate. These engines also tend to use more fuel, leading to higher operating costs, but their power output makes them worth the extra expense for those seeking maximum performance.
6. Cost and Complexity
Another key difference between the Small Block and Big Block engines is the cost and complexity of the components. Due to their larger size and more robust construction, Big Block engines tend to be more expensive to manufacture and repair. However, they offer greater performance potential.
- Small Block Engines: These engines are generally more affordable and cost-effective. Small Block engines are commonly found in mass-produced vehicles, which means there is more availability of replacement parts, making maintenance and repair easier and cheaper.
- Big Block Engines: Big Block engines, with their larger components and more complex designs, tend to be more expensive. Parts for Big Block engines are more specialized, and they may be harder to find, especially for vintage models. However, they are often preferred by enthusiasts seeking ultimate performance.
Pros and Cons of Chrysler Small Block Engines
Pros
- Lightweight and Compact: Small Block engines are lighter and more compact, making them ideal for smaller, more nimble vehicles.
- Higher RPM Range: Small Block engines tend to be better at high RPMs, which makes them more suited for racing and performance applications.
- Fuel Efficiency: Due to their smaller size, Small Block engines are generally more fuel-efficient than Big Block engines.
- Affordability: Small Block engines are more affordable to manufacture and maintain.
Cons
- Lower Torque: While Small Block engines excel at high RPMs, they do not produce the same level of torque as Big Block engines.
- Limited Power Output: Small Block engines are limited in terms of maximum power output, especially in comparison to larger Big Block engines.
Pros and Cons of Chrysler Big Block Engines
Pros
- Massive Torque and Power: Big Block engines deliver immense power and torque, making them ideal for performance applications that require low-end grunt.
- Performance Potential: The large displacement allows for greater power potential, making Big Block engines a favorite among racing enthusiasts and muscle car builders.
- Durability: Big Block engines are built to handle the demands of high-performance and heavy-duty applications.
Cons
- Heavy and Bulky: The larger size and weight of Big Block engines can negatively affect the vehicle’s handling and agility.
- Higher Operating Costs: Big Block engines consume more fuel, require more cooling, and are generally more expensive to maintain and repair.
- Limited Fuel Efficiency: Due to their larger displacement, Big Block engines tend to be less fuel-efficient than their Small Block counterparts.
Chrysler Engine Applications: Cars and Muscle Cars
Chrysler Small Block Engine in Vehicles
The Chrysler Small Block engine has powered a wide variety of vehicles over the years. Some of the most iconic models include:
- Dodge Charger
- Plymouth Barracuda
- Chrysler Newport
- Dodge Dart
Chrysler Big Block Engine in Vehicles
The Chrysler Big Block engine found its way into many of the most legendary American muscle cars, including:
- Plymouth Road Runner
- Dodge Challenger
- Chrysler 300
- Dodge Daytona
Conclusion
The Chrysler Small Block and Big Block engines have played an essential role in the history of automotive engineering and performance. Whether for everyday driving or thrilling motorsport performance, these two engine families have offered distinct advantages depending on the application. The Small Block offers higher RPMs, fuel efficiency, and affordability, while the Big Block provides immense torque and power for those who seek raw, muscle-car performance.